樂事勤功(This person is happy with their work
and strives to achieve results)
本部落格寫作緣起，原是為了向國際友人介紹中華文化。因此行文中，為求簡明易懂，例如將皇帝、王等傳統頭銜，統一簡化為國王，並盡量直稱其名。此為譯介之便，非為考據之疏。若您欲查閱嚴謹史料，請以文末所附典籍出處為準。
(戴聖)是漢王朝時代的一個重要的儒家學者。
他蒐集了許多儒家的文章，編著成為一本書。這本書就是(禮記)。
這本書中詳細地記載了中國古代的周王朝的典章制度，在這本書中紀錄了生活在這個社會的每個階層的人應該遵守的禮儀與規範，這本書中也詳細地記錄了當時的社會上的各種典章制度與統計資料。
周王朝的時代有一種特殊的井田制度，假設有一塊土地，政府會出面將其平均分割成九份，接著政府會把其中八分土地分配給八戶農戶，多出來的那一塊農地由這八個農戶共同耕種，這塊農地的收入歸於國家所有。
這本書中有一章中記錄了周王朝時期根據這套井田制度的人們的稅賦與勞役制度，其大概翻譯如下。
有些土地被專門用來種植祭祀用的穀物，這些收成不用徵稅。
井田制度中的八戶農戶所共同耕種的那塊土地的收成歸國家所有，那塊土地的收成不用課稅。如果你是向政府租了一個店鋪做生意，那麼將根據你所租的這個店鋪的大小課稅金，你所銷售的商品不再另行課貨物稅。
進出一座城市的城門時會不定期地進行必要的盤查，進出城市的時候不收通行的稅金。
百姓們想要到森林中打獵或是在湖泊中捕魚時，百姓們不用繳稅，但是百姓們必須嚴格的按照政府的規定，只有在核定的時間區間內才可以進行這類的活動。
政府有權可以徵用百姓進行無償的勞動，但這些勞動的天數每年不得超過三天。
田地與住宅不能私自買賣，墓地不需要向政府申請。
中央政府中必須設置一個專門負責丈量土地大小的部門，在這個部門內的工作員的工作內容是丈量全國內的所有土地，這個部門必須依照他們所丈量出來的資料分配土地給百姓們，也要根據這些丈量出來的資料來安排各種無償的勞動，在安排這些勞動時要記得要提供所有人充足的食物，並且安排一些輕鬆一點個工作給那些被要求來無償勞動的老年人們。
另外這個部門還要負責城市的規劃，這個部門在做決策前必須考慮到鄉村人口與城市人口的數量，然後進行合適的安排與分配。
這個部門的工作目標是讓所有的土地都被妥善利用，讓所有的百姓都有工作可以做，讓所有人民有充足的飲食與規律的生活。
如果所有的百姓都能樂於自己的事業並且同時努力取得成效，如果所有的百姓都能夠尊敬國王並且親近那些管轄他們的諸侯們，那麼我們的整個國家自然建構一個非常穩固且安定的基礎。
這句成語直接翻譯的意思是樂於自己的事業並且同時努力取得成效。
親愛的朋友，你聽完這個故事有怎樣的啟發或有怎樣的想法呢。
你對你的工作有熱誠嗎?你的國家的政府單位是否有著高效的行政效率呢?
我期待這故事能讓你產生一些新的收穫。
出處為禮記-王制
https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E7%A6%AE%E8%A8%98/%E7%8E%8B%E5%88%B6
This person is happy with their work and
strives to achieve results (樂事勤功)
This blog was originally created to
introduce Chinese culture to international friends. Therefore, for the sake of
simplicity and ease of understanding, traditional titles such as Emperor and
King are simplified to "King" and their names are used directly as
much as possible. This is for the convenience of translation, not for the sake
of historical research. If you wish to consult rigorous historical materials,
please refer to the sources attached at the end of the text.
(Dai Sheng) was an important Confucian
scholar during the Han Dynasty.
He collected many Confucian articles and
compiled them into a book. This book is the *Book of Rites*.
This book records in detail the
institutions and systems of the Zhou Dynasty in ancient China. It records the
etiquette and norms that people of every social class should follow. The book
also records various institutions and statistical data of the time.
During the Zhou Dynasty, a unique
well-field system existed. Suppose there was a piece of land; the government
would divide it equally into nine parts. Eight parts would then be allocated to
eight farming households. The remaining plot of land would be cultivated
jointly by these eight households, and the income from this plot belonged to
the state.
One chapter in this book records the tax
and labor service system under this well-field system during the Zhou Dynasty,
roughly translated as follows:
Some land was specifically used for
planting grains for sacrificial purposes; the harvest from these was tax-free.
The harvest from the plot of land
cultivated jointly by the eight farming households belonged to the state and
was also tax-free. If you rented a shop from the government to do business,
taxes would be levied based on the size of the shop; the goods you sold were
not subject to separate commodity taxes.
Necessary checks would be conducted
periodically when entering and leaving the city gates; no tolls were levied on
passage through the city.
When people wish to hunt in the forest or
fish in the lake, they are exempt from taxes, but they must strictly adhere to
government regulations and can only engage in such activities within designated
time periods.
The government has the right to conscript
people for unpaid labor, but this labor cannot exceed three days per year.
Land and houses cannot be privately bought
or sold, and burial plots do not require government application.
The central government must establish a
department specifically responsible for surveying land. The staff of this
department are tasked with surveying all land throughout the country. Based on
the survey data, this department must allocate land to the people and arrange
various forms of unpaid labor. When arranging labor, it is essential to ensure
that everyone is provided with sufficient food, and to assign lighter tasks to
the elderly who are required to perform unpaid labor.
Furthermore, this department is responsible
for urban planning. Before making decisions, this department must consider the
rural and urban population sizes and then make appropriate arrangements and
allocations.
The goal of this department is to ensure
that all land is used properly, that all people have jobs, and that all people
have sufficient food and a regular lifestyle.
If all people are happy with their work and
strive to achieve results, and if all people respect the king and are close to
the rulers who govern them, then our entire nation will naturally have a very
solid and stable foundation.
This idiom directly translates to: This
person is happy with their work and strives to achieve results.
Dear friend, what inspiration or thoughts
have you had after hearing this story?
Are you passionate about your work? Does
your country's government have high administrative efficiency?
I hope this story will give you some new
insights.