不麛不卵(Do not kill young animals or take
eggs from nests)
本部落格寫作緣起，原是為了向國際友人介紹中華文化。因此行文中，為求簡明易懂，例如將皇帝、王等傳統頭銜，統一簡化為國王，並盡量直稱其名。此為譯介之便，非為考據之疏。若您欲查閱嚴謹史料，請以文末所附典籍出處為準。
(戴聖)是漢王朝時代的一個重要的儒家學者。
他蒐集了許多儒家的文章，編著成為一本書。這本書就是(禮記)。
這本書中詳細地記載了中國古代的周王朝的典章制度，在這本書中紀錄了生活在這個社會的每個階層的人應該遵守的禮儀與規範，這本書中也詳細地記錄了當時的社會上的各種典章制度與統計資料。
這本書中有一章中記錄了周王朝時期的人們用怎樣的心態與方式去看待打獵這項特殊的活動，其大概翻譯如下。
每年的春天與夏天與秋天各有一次專門的開放打獵的時期，在這些專門開打獵的時期到了之後，周王朝的國王可以優先打獵，接著是諸侯打獵，再接著事政府官員打獵，最後輪到一般的百姓打獵。
國王打獵之後，他必須把他所打獵的收穫分成三類，第一類是最上等的獵物，這些獵物會被用來製作祭品以供奉宗廟祖先。第二類是次等的獵物，這些獵物會被用來製作成美食來宴請所有對於周王朝有貢獻的人。第三類是最普通的獵物，這些獵物會被當成國王平日的餐點的食材。
將打獵所得到的獵物用來祭祀，在周王朝的時候代表一種對上天與大地的感謝，所以每年一定要舉行三次的打獵活動，除非遇到戰爭或是皇室的成員的喪事等等的特殊情況才可以停止舉辦。
當時的人們在打獵的時候有一定的儀式與規範，不能夠用輕忽的心態來進行打獵的活動。
春天與秋天的三個打獵的時間點，其根據為下列三種自然界的生物現象。
每年的春天，河中的水獺開始變得活躍，當這些水獺把捕到的魚排列在河岸時，代表春天的捕魚活動可以開始進行。
每年的秋天，森林中的豺狼開始變得活躍，當這些豺狼把捕到的獵物排列在大地上時，代表秋天的打獵活動可以開始進行。
每年的秋天，天空中的老鷹開始變得活躍，當這些老鷹開始密集的出現之後，代表秋天的捕鳥活動可以開始進行。
其他還有一些所有人都通用的打獵規則如下。
當草木凋零落葉的時候，才可以進入山林進行補獵。
在昆蟲還沒有進入冬眠狀態時前，不可以採用放火燒田來驅趕野獸的行為。
不殺還在幼年的動物也不取走鳥窩中的鳥蛋。
不殺正在懷孕的母獸、不殺剛出生的幼獸、不得故意傾覆鳥巢。
這句成語直接翻譯的意思是不殺還在幼年的動物也不取走鳥窩中的鳥蛋。。
這句成語被延伸用來形容一個人有著一種永續的環境與動物保護的想法。
親愛的朋友，你聽完這個故事有怎樣的啟發或有怎樣的想法呢。
你的國家中有那些動物保育的措施呢?你有沒有認為那些動物保護的團體的想法與做法需要檢討呢?
我期待這故事能讓你產生一些新的收穫。
出處為禮記-王制
https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E7%A6%AE%E8%A8%98/%E7%8E%8B%E5%88%B6
Do not kill young animals or take eggs from
nests.(不麛不卵)
Dai Sheng was an important Confucian
scholar during the Han dynasty.
He collected many Confucian texts and
compiled them into a book. This book is the Book of Rites.
It provides detailed accounts of the
institutions and systems of the Zhou dynasty in ancient China. It sets out the
etiquette and norms that people of all social classes should follow. It also
contains various historical records and statistical data from that period.
One chapter describes how the Zhou Dynasty
viewed hunting as a special activity. A rough translation is as follows:
Each year, designated hunting seasons were
held in spring, summer and autumn. During these seasons, the Zhou Dynasty king
had priority, followed by feudal lords, government officials and finally
ordinary people.
After the king's hunt, he divided his catch
into three categories. The first category comprised the highest-quality prey
and was used to make offerings to ancestral temples. The second category,
comprising lower-quality prey, was used to prepare delicacies for banquets in
honour of those who had contributed to the Zhou dynasty. The third category,
comprising the most common prey, was used as ingredients for the king's daily
meals.
In the Zhou Dynasty, using the hunted prey
for sacrifices represented gratitude to Heaven and Earth, so hunting events were
held three times a year, except in special circumstances such as war or the
death of a royal family member.
At that time, hunting was governed by
certain rituals and rules; it was not something to be taken lightly.
The two hunting seasons — spring and autumn — are based on three natural phenomena.
In spring, otters become active in rivers.
They lay out their catch on the riverbanks to signal that spring fishing can
begin.
In autumn, jackals become active in
forests. When they lay out their prey on the ground, autumn hunting can begin.
Eagles become active in the skies in
autumn. When they appear in large numbers, autumn bird hunting season begins.
The following hunting rules apply to all:
Hunting in the mountains and forests is
only permitted when the vegetation has withered and the leaves have fallen.
Setting fires to drive away wild animals is
prohibited before insects enter hibernation.
Do not kill young animals or take eggs from
nests.
Pregnant females, newborn cubs and nests
should not be targeted.
The idiom literally translates as 'Do not
kill young animals or take eggs from nests'.
This idiom is often used to describe
someone with a sustainable vision for environmental and animal protection.
Dear friend, what inspiration or thoughts
did you gain from this story?
What animal conservation measures are in
place in your country? Do you think the ideas and practices of animal
protection groups need to be reviewed?
I hope this story gives you some new
insights.